“Probably what you should learn if you are a graduate student is not a large number of facts, especially if they are in books, but what the important problems are, and to sense which experiments, work that has been done, probably aren’t quite right.” James Watson
Course outline: Basic information skills for biomedical research
Introduction
This page describes the course outline and provides links to the lecture slides for each segment (click on the title hyperlink) and to details of the practical activities and related supplementary material (right-hand sidebar)
In order to complete the course, you will need a good Web connection, preferbly broadband. Many resources will be accessible from home, but some will only be available via the University network.
Segment 1. Lecture: Introduction to the course. (Duration 1 hour)
Topics covered:
- The goals of the course
- The research process and the role of reading, writing and informatics
- Course structure
- Role of practical work
- Assessment process
Segment 1. Practical: Activity 1 (Duration 2 hours)
Send the course leader an email listing the top 5 journals in your research area plus the title of your project. Do some background reading for some of the practical tasks.
Segment 2. Lecture: The virtual library. (Duration 2 hours)
Topics covered:
- A brief history of scientific publishing
- The structure of the scientific article
- From print to electronic, thr importance of meta data
- The revolution being driven by the world wide web, open access
- Getting access to online resources
- Difference between Web-based search engines, A&I, and full-text databases
- Examples of these resources :
- Google, Yahoo
- Google Scholar, Scirus
- PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science
- ScienceDirect, Ovid, Highwire, SpringerLink
- PubMedCentral International, SciELO
- CAPES Periodicals Portal
- Biblioteca Virtual em Saude
Segment 2. Practical: Activity 2 (Duration 6 hours)
Read through tutorials for Google, PubMed, Scopus, (or Web of Science), ScienceDirect and then answer the questions. We will discuss the results a the beginning of the next session
Segment 3. Lecture: Using the virtual library. (Duration 2 hours)
Topics covered:
- How do different search engines and browsers work ?
- Indexation process
- Styles of searching and browsing
- Natural language vs. keywords and phrases
- Stop words. Stemming, spelling
- Mapping to ontologies
- Boolean terms
- Ranking algorithms
- Why things sometimes don't work
- Other useful features
- Related articles
- Links
- Cited by
- Personalisation
- Making a start
- Selecting search terms and keywords
- Keeping the search strategy flexible
- Different article types
- How to read a scientific article
- How to perform a literature search
- Making use of review articles
- Organising your research on your computer
- Citation management software
Segment 3. Practical: Activity 3 (Duration 2 hours)
Choose a small set of keywords that is effective at finding new articles of relevance to your research problem. Use these keywords to identify and explain some of the differences between different resources. How would you build new Web resources to support your research ?
Segment 4. Lecture: Other types of database and browser (Duration 2 hours)
Topics covered:
- Alternative ways to search text
- Within sentence searching
- Text mining
- Ontologies, controlled vocabularies, data models and the semantic web
- GO, MeSH
- Whatizit
- iHOP
- GeneGo
- Introducing the molecular database resources available at NCBI, EBI and KEGG
- Learning to work with molecular information
- Structure and sequence search
- Genome work benches and browsers
- Cross-database searching
- Entrez
- UCSB Genome Browser
Segment 4. Practical:Activity 4 (Duration 3 hours)
This exercise is in two parts. Choose one of the mini-courses at NCBI. Carry out the activities and prepare notes to report your experiences back to the group. Pick two databases that are used regularly in your field. Describe their features to the group at the next session.Segment 5. Lecture:Developing testable hypotheses (Duration 1 hour)
Topics covered:
- The scientific method begins in the library, not the laboratory
- Developing the literature search into a question
- Deriving hypotheses from the consensus view in the literature
- Lateral thinking strategies to strengthen the hypothesis
- The importance of quality
- Case study: Hummingbird territorial behaviour
- Case study: Alzheimer's disease
- The importance of objectivity - hypotheses are usually wrong
- Case study: SSRI's and skeletal growth
- Case study: Plant extracts and diabetes
- Case study: Agricultural techniques and soil fungi
- Many initial hypotheses prove to be wrong - so what is Plan B ?
Segment 5. Practical: Activity 5 (Duration 3 hours)
Use a recent review article to select an important problem in an area that is different to your chosen field of study. Find out what progress has been made subsequently to solve this problem. What new problems or issues have been identified as a result ? Make a 3-slide presentation describing this progress to the group at the next session.
Segment 6. Lecture: Framing and presenting your problem (Duration 2 hours):
Topics covered:
- Experimental design
- Choosing the right method
- Start small
- Basics of statistical analysis
- Null hypothesis
- Parametric and non-parametric tests
- Presentation skills
- Giving a seminar
Segment 6. Practical: Activity 6 (Duration 6 hours)
Identify the five most important articles that frame your hypothesis, i.e. the assumptions on which your idea is based. What alternative experimental approaches are available to answer your question? How do you intend to verify your hypothesis? Identify and justify the journal you want to publish the results of your research in. Give a 3-slide presentation to justify your choices at the next session.
Take a refresher course in statistics.
Learn more about presentation skills.
Segment 7. Lecture: Writing a scientific article (Duration 2 hours)
Topics covered:
- Types of scientific writing
- Language styles
- Some simple rules
- The basic TAIMRDR structure of scientific articles
- Different types of article
- Instructions to authors – advice and variation
- Writing a scientific article – where to start
- Examples of good and bad practice
- Titles
- Names
- Abstracts
- Introduction
- Methods
- Results, Figures and Captions
- Tables
- Discussion
Segment 7. Practical:Activity 7 (Duration 5 hours)
This exercise is in four parts. Read the article about the ivory-billed woodpecker and answer the questions. Reconstruct published abstracts from a series of single sentences. Identify where critical references should be placed in a given text passage. Identify and discuss an example of one good and one bad figure/table/caption. Discuss your answers at the next session
Segment 8. Lecture:Getting a scientific article published (Duration 2 hours)
Topics covered:
- Journal ecosystems and quality
- Cascade publishing models
- Editorial gateways
- Selecting the right journal
- Author strategies
- How journal editors work
- The role of rejection
- Examples of referees comments
- Main reasons for failure
- Dealing with referees comments
Segment 8. Practical:Activity 8 (Duration 3 hours)
Using the guidelines provided, act as a group to assess the clarity of the research project proposals. Each student to review and discuss feedback for their own manuscripts. Prepare to discuss your findings at the next session.
Segment 9. Research assessment (Duration 2 hours)
Topics covered:
- Strategies for research assessment
- Grant proposal process
- QUALIS
- Impact factors
- Alternatives to impact factors
- Open access and open archives
- 'Cascade' publishing and new approaches to peer review
Segment 9. Practical. Activity 9 (Duration 3 hours)
Obtain Impact Factors for your top 5 journals and add them to your Excel spreadsheet. Read articles on scientific failure and prepare to comment on them for the last session